measure for measure notes Essay -- essays research papers

Act II, Scene 1 To no avail, Escalus pleads with an adamant Angelo to have pity on the life of Claudio. Angelo does not really consider Claudio's crime to be something major, but he is intent on carrying out the "measure of the law" and to be strict with all offenders who break the law. As a result, he orders Claudio to be executed the next morning. Escalus is grieved over Claudio's fate, but is helpless to stop the execution. Elbow, a constable, enters with Froth and Pompey in custody, both guilty of immoral acts. When Escalus questions them about their crimes, they give long and ridiculous answers. Angelo, disgusted with their chatter, asks Escalus to settle the case and leaves the place. Although Escalus is dismayed by the steady decay of established social standard, he dismisses Froth and Pompey with a warning; he tells them that if they are again arrested for immoral activities, their punishment will be severe. Notes Angelo is adamant in enforcing the law to the letter, and, therefore, plans the execution of Claudio. When Escalus pleads for mercy for Claudio and tries to reason with him, saying that anyone, even Angelo himself could have committed the crime, Angelo argues and says, "It is one thing to be tempted, Escalus, another thing to fall." It is ironic that later in the play Angelo is tempted and commits the same crime, proving his total hypocrisy. Escalus serves as a foil to Angelo. Escalus is older, wiser, and merciful. On the other hand, Angelo is young and relentless. He wants to follow his orders to restore dignity to the City, and he is determined to carry out the law with great strictness, assigning punishment equally no matter the circumstances. It is obvious that he is using Claudio to set an example for all others involved in immoral activities. He plans to execute Claudio for having fathered an illegitimate child. Ironically, in the same scene, Escalus dismisses the charges against Froth and Pompey with only a warning, yet both of them are truly guilty of immoral behavior. Elbow, Froth, and Pompey are representatives of the lower class of society in contrast to Escalus and Angelo. The entry of the three men provides comic relief to the scene. Elbow, in his mission as a serious constable, uses highbrow language, which is filled with malapropisms. Instead of saying `malefactors,' he says `benefactors,' and he say... ...ave been chosen with careful references to the main theme. Thus, Isabella stands for saintly purity; Angelo stands for self- righteousness; the Duke represents a psychologically sound and enlightened ethic; Lucio represents indecent wit; and Pompey and Mistress Overdone symbolize professional immorality. Each character, therefore, illumines some facet of man's morality or immorality; and the play strives to define what is moral and just. The entire atmosphere of the play is one of religious and critical morality. In the beginning of the play, Isabella is a novice at St. Clare. The Duke disguises himself as a Friar, exercising the divine privileges of this office towards Juliet, Barnardine, Claudio, and Pompey. In fact, the Central idea of Measure for Measure can easily be stated in Christian terms: "And forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors." Since Angelo is not a conscious hypocrite, it is easier to forgive even him. Self-deception and pride drive him. When desire for Isabella overcomes him, Angelo even struggles against it and prays to heaven. Since he is weak, the struggle is short-lived; Angelo soon gives in to his desires and becomes an utter scoundrel.

External Stakeholders Interest or Claim in Coca-Cola Essay

External Stakeholders play an essential part in the success of Coca Cola. Without the external stakeholders, Coca Cola would not be the success it is today. These organizations and persons who are considered to be external stakeholders vary in range and responsibility. The most basic of the external stakeholders but one of the most essential are the customers. Without the customers, Coca Cola would be just a name and not a product or multi-national and international organization. Customers range from individuals to stores or other organizations. The customers hold one of the most important parts in Coca Cola’s success. The performance of the organization is measured by the sales of the Coca Cola products. Also, the interest of what is hot and trending, whether it be a new flavor or a change in the bottling of a product, the customers demand is what the company must take into consideration when presenting its product to this external stakeholder. Another external stakeholder who is vital to Coca Cola is the suppliers. The suppliers range from the materials to the packaging company play an essential role in the workings of everyday life within and around Coca Cola. Communication in and around the supply chain through management it helps to keep a well-oiled machine going. The suppliers’ interest or claim in Coca Cola is simple. With Coca Cola as one of its clients, these suppliers stand to run and make a good profit and have continuous business. The quality of the work these suppliers have must meet Coca Cola’s standards. These suppliers insure Coca Cola that their standards are up to par and are inspected. (Dione, 2010). Competitors are another external stakeholder. Coca Cola has various competitors from Pepsi to 7up (Dione, 2010).. These competitors keep Coca Cola on their toes. The interest these external stakeholders have is making sure they are staying competitive with what Coca Cola is presenting and sellin g. These competitors do not want to be out sold Coca Cola. What this does for Coca Cola is it keeps them on their toes. Companies that know they have competition are creative and innovative as they try to stay one step ahead of their competition. Media is an external stakeholder. Advertising is used to present commercial of current and new products. Coca Cola takes advantage of this by using the media to promote its brand worldwide. From television, newspapers, magazines, radio, and the internet, the world can  find Coca Cola everywhere. The local community is a stakeholder. Organization such as Green Peace, Labor Unions, and other environment organizations have the opportunity to put their name and cause in front of the public with the help and support of Coca Cola. (Dione, 2010). Government Agencies are also external stakeholder. Coca Cola is an international organization. Coca Cola have to coordinate with governments around the world to sell their products. Knowing the customs and the regulations of that country is important. The interest held by the government is that the presence of Coca Cola within its country can help its economy. (â€Å"Defining Stakeholders And Their Responsibilities†, 2003-2013). These external stakeholders all have a stake in the success of Coca Cola. From the customers to the suppliers, media, and the competitors, they all have some to gain and lose. All of these external elements are what make Coca Cola what it is today and tomorrow. External Stakeholders Authority and Responsibility to Coca Cola Each external stakeholder has authority and responsibility to their community, competitor, and those who have an interest in it. Many organizations support their community. In return, the organization expects some sort of loyalty in return. Customers have the authority to make or break a company. Whether they purchase the product or speak out against the product. The voice of the consumer is powerful. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the consumers to speak out responsibly. (â€Å"Defining Stakeholders And Their Responsibilities†, 2003-2013). Suppliers have the authority to slow up or speed up productions. If a supplier is out of a material needed, that supplier can halt the production and hurt sales. It is the responsibility of the supplier to keep on top of knowing what they have and how much of what they have. Communicating that information to Coca Cola is essential in their business with Coca Cola and possible other companies. (â€Å"Defining Stakeholders And Their Responsibilities†, 2003-2013). It is the authority and responsibility of the external stakeholders to play their part in creating and promoting a working relationship to benefits both the external stakeholder and Coca Cola. References Defining Stakeholders and their responsibilities. (2003-2013). Retrieved from http://www.ukessays.com/essays/business/defining-stakeholders-and-their- responsibilities-and-influence-on-organisations-business-essay.php Dione, Ivana. (2010). Identification of Coca Cola’sOrganizational Environment. Retrieved from http://www.scribd.com/doc/26976302/Organizational-Environment-Identification-in- Coca-Cola-Bottling-Indonesia

Financial Crisis Manipulated by London Inter-bank - 790 Words

In 2012, financial markets saw the emergence of the largest financial crisis possibly due to the manipulation of the London Inter-bank Offered Rate by financial institutions mainly banks.. The inter-bank offered rate came into existence when financial institutions in London demanded a benchmark for lending rates. This was needed so as to calculate the prices for various financial instruments such as interest, swaps, futures, options, student loans, and mortgages As a result of this demand, a course of action were taken by the British Banker’s Association which in 1986, resulted in the development and publication of the first London Inter Bank Offered Rate. In addition, the inter-bank offered rate is one of the most active interest rates that is solely based on a self reporting system in which the rate submitter of each bank present on the London inter-bank market a rate at which they were charged to borrow capital. As a result of the lack regulatory structures being put in p lace, banks were able to submit rates that benefited them at the expense of others. LIBOR not only give preference to the pound sterling but to that of other worldwide currencies such as US Dollar, Japanese Yen and Canadian Dollar. Nearly every rate used in financial calculations has its basis in the Capital Allocation Pricing Model which states that any interest rate required for any risky venture will necessitate a compensation rate above a â€Å"risk-free rate.† By way of explanation, the riskier anShow MoreRelatedWhat Went Wrong with Libor Rate2312 Words   |  10 PagesGROUP PAPER: WHAT WENT WRONG WITH LIBOR RATES? â€Å"Honesty is a very expensive gift. Do not expect it from cheap people† Warren Buffet Table of Contents Introduction 2 History 2 Origen of the crisis 3 Probable Reasons for the LIBOR manipulation 5 Main players involved in the LIBOR scheme 6 Recommendations on what to do to avoid this problem 6 Reference List 8 Read MoreWhat Went Wrong with Libor Rate2312 Words   |  10 PagesGROUP PAPER: WHAT WENT WRONG WITH LIBOR RATES? â€Å"Honesty is a very expensive gift. Do not expect it from cheap people† Warren Buffet Table of Contents Introduction 2 History 2 Origen of the crisis 3 Probable Reasons for the LIBOR manipulation 5 Main players involved in the LIBOR scheme 6 Recommendations on what to do to avoid this problem 6 Reference List 8 Read MoreThe London Inter Bank Lending Rate1384 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction LIBOR, the London inter-bank lending rate, is considered to be one of the most important interest rates in finance, upon which trillions of financial contracts rest. The London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) is often called the world s most important number, As well as helping to decide the price of other transactions, it is also used as a measure of trust in the financial system and reflects the confidence banks have in each other s financial health. Libor acts as the rate atRead MoreAnalysis Of Barclays Ceo Bob Diamond1189 Words   |  5 Pages In June 2012, Barclays CEO Bob Diamond went before the Treasury Select Committee in the U.K. House of Commons admitting that his company manipulated the LIBOR (the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate). LIBOR has been used since 1969 as a reference rate in the operations of international financial markets and become the basis for trillions of dollars of financial transactions. This case study gives background and overview on the events that lead to and who were all involved with what happened. EthicalRead MoreAgency Theory and Corporate Governance3335 Words   |  13 Pagesdevelopment until recently where financial crisis have been bombarding most economies. As a result, the cost of livelihood had been unaffordable to many who live below the dollar. The monetary crisis has led to the lowering of many currencies against the dollar, hence advancing the economy crisis to most worldwide nations. This turn of events has been attributed to the lack of exercise of business and management ethics in many multinational companies, firms and investments. Financial scandals have been theRead MoreThe Role of Internal Audit in Prevention of Fraud in Nigeria Banks . a Case Study of Equitorial Bank Lagos.9955 Words   |  40 PagesStudy 5. Scope and Limitation of the Study CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Introduction 2. Types of Bank Frauds 3. Causes of Fraud 4. Effects of Fraud on Banks 5. Internal Audit function 6. Fraud and Internal Audit 7. Fraud Prevention 1. General Measures 2. Specific Preventive Measures 8. Elements of Fraud Auditing 9. Measures of Controlling Fraud in Banks 10. Statement of Internal Audit Standard No. 3 2.10.1 Deterrence of Fraud CHAPTER THREE: Research MethodologyRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management20711 Words   |  83 PagesThe impact of customer relationship management on the financial performance of an organization 1 Chapter 1-Introduction The impact of customer relationship management on the financial performance of an organization 2 1.1 Introduction This chapter provides an overview of the dissertation in brief. Background of the study and rationale of the study are discussed in the first half. Then this chapter goes on to explain six research objectives and two research questions. Finally structure of Read MoreAdr / Gdr in India13291 Words   |  54 PagesGLOBAL DEPOSITORY RECEIPTS IN INDIA Chapter - 1 INTRODUCTION OF FINANCIAL MARKETS INTRODUCTION The Indian economy is the second fastest growing economy in the world after China with a growth rate of 6.5%. India seems to have become an investor’s haven with high returns on investments for foreign Institutional investors. Indian companies are recording higher profits and are gaining global recognition because of operations in several countries. However, for international presence, Indian companiesRead Morepaul hoang answers72561 Words   |  291 Pagescase, it refers to the loss revenue by not opening supermarkets on Sundays. [2 marks] b) Examples of opportunity cost mentioned include †¢ †¢ †¢ Loss of supermarket sales by not operating on Sundays or by not operating â€Å"24-hour stores†. Banks potentially losing clients on Sundays. Fines for non-compliance. These factors will clearly affect business decision making, e.g. whether to trade on Sundays or 24hour a day. [6 marks] Question 1.1.3 – The business of education a) SpecializationRead MoreManaging and Organizing for Innovation in Service Firms a Literature Review with Annotated Bibliography30787 Words   |  124 Pagessmall service firms Small service firms Experiments and interviews Telecommunication Customer involvement in new service development Experiments Telecommunication Customer involvement in new service development Interviews Financial services Front-line employee involvement in new service development 12 3 An overview of the field of research Research on the service workers’ role in new service development and service innovation has been carried out from different

Comparison Of Hobbes And Locke s State Of Nature

The state is oppressive and was created to exploit people. This essay will examine why the state is needed, two states with different political views, how it impacts individuals as well as looking at the political views from two philosophers of social contract theory. Both Hobbes and Locke’s theory will be applied to Poland and North Korea. This first section provides a general discussion of the Hobbes and Locke’s state of nature and how it relates to individuals. According to Lacewing (2008), the state of nature can be defined as an idea of existence without government, without a state or laws. The state of nature for each philosopher differ because their mind-sets are shaped by their environment and experiences in life. Hobbes looks at man’s state of nature from a pessimistic point of view. Life according to Hobbes is an egoistic quest for the satiation of desires, in which everybody are allowed to go about as they wish and might represent a danger to others presence and survival. Man will additionally will be foe to one another, man is selfish and will only act on their man’s common state, and life for man will be solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. In the leviathan, Hobbes goes on by stating that man wants protection, since they can t all have it, they assume that the individuals who wis h it alongside them will attempt and take it away â€Å"the cause of this is not always that a man hopes for a more intensive delight than he has already attained to†¦ but he cannotShow MoreRelatedGeorge Hobbes And Locke s Theories On Government, Human Nature, And Natural Law1661 Words   |  7 Pagestheir proximity to one another and because of their similar nature. For instance, I wrote about Basque and Catalonian independence in Spain. While it may be apt to say that they are the same for a number of reasons. They were inherently different because of the small details that change their trajectory to land close to each other but not in the same place. Much is the same when comparing Hobbes’ and Locke’s theories on government, human nature, and natural law. Both may come to the same conclusion aboutRead MoreThomas Hobbes And The State Of Nature1727 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophers the notion of the State of Nature, a concept used to describe the hypothetical conditions of human life before the development of societies, is important in determining political societies, or the governmental structures that composed these. However, many philosophers have different notions of the State of Nature. In this essay I am going to use the writings of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacque Rousseau to explain how their notions of the State of Nature shape the way they envisionRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke888 Words   |  4 PagesThe comparison of these two men is a very interesting pair. They both share ideas that are very similar but diverge in the moments that solidify their stance on their opinion. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke is both political scientist who have made strides in the area of social contracts and share being natural law theorist also. Locke and all other natural law theorists assumed that man was by nature a social animal and there fore struck contracts with each other to secure safety among them. HobbesRead MoreJohn Lo cke s Theory Of Government884 Words   |  4 Pages This essay will discuss and show how Thomas Jefferson’s theory of revolution follows the speculation of government from the philosopher John Locke. We’ll additionally discuss Thomas Hobbes’s theory of government. Both John Locke and Jefferson’s theories contributed to the American Revolution and to the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson’s theory of revolution found within the Declaration of Independence follows John Locke’s theory of government in multiple aspects, as well as inRead MoreHuman Nature, By John Locke Essay2201 Words   |  9 PagesHuman nature is a cruel mistress that depending on a person’s view on the world can be really on either ok or really bad. In only isolated situations does human nature lead people to do true good while in general human nature leads to bad decisions and equally bad results. Philosophers have all written about human nature in t heir commonwealths as well as in their imagined states of nature. Thomas Hobbes in his book, Levithan, and John Locke in his second treatise in his book, Two Treatises on GovernmentRead MoreThe Relationship Between Locke And Rousseau On Human Nature2003 Words   |  9 PagesINTRODUCTION This essay is aimed at discussing how human nature in Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau impact the way that the role and function of the state is viewed. Human Nature is referred to as the essential and immutable character of all human beings. Others may refer to it as the biological or genetic factor suggesting that there is an established and unchanging human core. It highlights what is innate and natural about human life, as opposed to what human beings have gained from education or throughRead MoreHobbes, Locke, And Rousseau s Theory Of Government3619 Words   |  15 Pages Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau: Who Has the Most Scripturally Correct Theory of Government? Katherine Shoemaker GOVT 302-B01 Professor Stephen Witham Liberty University â€Æ' Outline I. John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau are the three philosophers that have the most developed view of human nature as it applies to government. a. Each of these philosophers has a literary work or works that look at human nature and its application to government. b. We will be examining Locke’s SecondRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Views On Political Philosophy Essay3649 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction: The term â€Å"Political Philosophy† is a normative study of state, government, relationships between individual and communities, laws, rights and justice. It depends on the philosophers that can be entangled with ethics, economics and also metaphysics. Political thinkers are the pioneers of â€Å"Modern Politics† in the world. The first serious political thinkers emerged in Greece. Plato and Aristotle are two great philosophers of ancient Greece. Plato in his book â€Å"The Republic† delivers theRead MoreThe Principles Of Empiricism And The Spirit Behind It2295 Words   |  10 Pagesand the problems it gave rise to. Locke, John, An Essay concerning human understanding, Everyman, 1961: Book 1, of Innate ideas, Book 2, chapter 1, of ideas in general and their original, Berkeley, George, A treatise concerning the principles of human knowledge. Empiricists endorse the idea that we have no source of knowledge in S or for the concepts we use in S other than sense experience. This radical way of thinking began in the 17th century, with John Locke often regarded as the â€Å"father of BritishRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 PagesBranches of philosophy The following branches are the main areas of study: †¢ Metaphysics investigates the nature of being and the world. Traditional branches are cosmology and ontology. †¢ Epistemology is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge, and whether knowledge is possible. Among its central concerns has been the challenge posed by skepticism and the relationships between truth, belief, and justification. †¢ Ethics, or moral philosophy, is concerned with questions of how

The Legal Battle Between Pro Choice Activists And Pro Life...

It is not just a radical feminist opinion, but rather fact, that women in the United States live in a patriarchal society. The majority of the lawmakers in the US are male, ergo they can afford to turn a blind eye to the problems of low-income and marginalized women. Since the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, there has been a continuous legal battle between pro-choice activists and pro-life supporters. This fight has snowballed from a discussion about the morality of abortion to an argument that the whole of women haven’t a right to reproductive/ gynecological care at all. Now we stand here, around 50 decades later, with several laws, polices, and judges that seek to curtail a women’s options for reproductive health. Current Research The Post Roe V. Wade Era In 1973, the United States Supreme Court voted to uphold the legality of abortion. In the period immediately after the decision, small steps were staring to be made to make basic women’s healthcare available to all women in the country; regardless of race, religion, or income bracket. The role of pro-choice activists, however, quickly began to need to shape itself around countering antiabortion initiatives. At the front of the conservative agenda is the restriction of affordable contraception and pregnancy care. In the current political climate, for the first time since Roe v. Wade, for many women of all backgrounds, it is hard to receive an abortion safely and privately. Modern laws and policies have so greatlyShow MoreRelatedCivil Court Case Of Roe V. Wade1332 Words   |  6 Pagesfought between two sides since the 1800s. It was not until the 1973 Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade, that the two sides that are known today as Pro-Choice and Pro-Life emerged as the names of the people fighting for each of their thoughts and beliefs. Why does any battle, fight, or war start? Well, because two sides cannot get what they each want. One wants freedom of choice and the other wants the baby’s life to matter more than the choice of termination. By 1965, it looked like Pro-Life was winningRead MoreEssay about Research on Abortion1973 Words   |  8 PagesAbortion Theme: Abortion is the practice of killing the weakest and most defenseless among us, unethically depriving them of the right to Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness, just as slaves in captivity and the targeted Jews. Tragically, it has been ingrained within our culture, that our unborn children are routinely sacrificed on the twin altars of feminist ideologyRead MoreEssay on The History Of The Pro-Choice Movement3922 Words   |  16 PagesThe History Of The Pro-Choice Movement   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On January 22, 1973, the movement to legalize abortion achieved its greatest victory with the Roe v. Wade ruling. This paper will analyze the rise and continuation of this movement over the course of the past forty years. Unlike other social movements, the Pro-Choice movement as maintained it’s power even after apparent victory was achieved. Due to this, the abortion argument continues today and will probably continue into this century and beyondRead More Exploring the Abortion Issue Essay3768 Words   |  16 Pagescan not state that there is simply a conflict between a woman’s right to privacy/autonomy of her body (i.e. the right to choose) and the right to life (particularly the right of the fetus to be born). It is also not adequate to claim that the alternating theories of when life is created is at the core of the conflict over abortion, because the definition of the creation of life does not determine when and why the state will protect the right of the life of the fetus. The overlying issue is a combinationRead MoreHow Public Opinion Influences Participation Both within the United States and Mexico1778 Words   |  7 PagesMexico has been highly controversial and a serious topics that have caused diametrical consequences for the two major cams in the debate, the pro-life and pro- choice supporters. As discussed in lecture, abortion is an issue that is pretty clear-cut, those who oppose, te nd to oppose it without the opportunity to compromise. Likewise, those who are pro- choice are similarly unlikely to shift on their position. It is in this social context of abortion sparring in which interestingly enough both the UnitedRead MoreAbortion Is a Womans Choice Essay1965 Words   |  8 PagesU.S., abortion is one of the most controversial discussions concerning women simply because it has been said for many years now that abortion should not be legal. Many who oppose abortion do not know what an abortion is, or even why a woman might choose to have an abortion. This research essay will discuss why it should be a woman’s choice to have an abortion and attempt to discuss the many reasons behind choosing an abortion. Abortions have been practiced since the days of the ancient worldRead MorePro Life And Pro Choice2711 Words   |  11 Pagesor ‘right’ being debated today. Millions of people are not alive today because they were terminated before they were born through the process of abortion. There are two sides of the abortion debate: pro-life and pro-choice. Pro-life is against abortion while pro-choice is for women having the choice as to what they want to do with their bodies. There are also many people in the middle of the argument that are okay with abortion but only under certain circumstances. Bills over abortion are constantlyRead MoreThe Cost Of Late Term Abortion2159 Words   |  9 Pagesand social activism coming from Pro-life and Pro-choice proponents in the 25 years following the Supreme Court s landmark decision in Roe v. Wade. Far from settling the issue of a woman s constitutional right to an abortion, the Roe decision galvanized pro-life and prochoice groups and pr ecipitated many small battles in what many on both sides view to be a war between fetal protection and women s access to reproductive choice (Oliveri, 1998). Now, the choice to abort a child in what is nowRead MoreAbortion And Birth Control Rights In The Catholic Church.1752 Words   |  8 Pagesat the top of the list for political strife and conversation; being â€Å"pro-choice† and â€Å"pro-life† are labels thrown around between Republicans and Democrats on the political platform. Despite the topics’ recent political trend due to our country’s new pro-life administration, it has always been a trending topic for women since the 1960s. Monumentally, the 1973 Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade made abortion legal. Despite its legal status, the controversy over the rights a woman has to choose her stanceRead MoreMedical Marijuana: Weed Warfare Essay2418 Words   |  10 Pagesthere lay an elderly man, clad in his hospital gown, crying in pain as he battles hi s severe kidney cancer. His daughter nervously paces around the room, as she is faced with a decision of whether to go with the doctor’s choice of giving her father the prescription of medical marijuana for treatment. The doctor enters the room, asking for the decision, so he can start treatment. The daughter struggling with the decision between using a substance abusing drug to help lessen her father’s pain, or request

The Family Over the Time

Question: Write about the "The Family Over the Time". Answer: Introduction: The word family gives rise to million memories in our hearts and minds. By definition, family is an association of relatives descendent from a common ancestor. It is also an establishment consisting of parents and their children (Findlay, Tam, Kohen, 2017). Each member of a family holds a particular place in the family and has a particular role to play. In other words family is a concept that affects the entire upbringing and character of a particular person (Hampden-Thompson, 2013). Over time, the concept of family has changed significantly. Certain factors are there that affected these changes. The effect of such factors on a family may result in either positive or negative outcome as well. This report discusses upon four key factors influencing these changes, their impacts in general society as well as on my family that I have seen over the time. A critical analysis of the changes or the lack of changes is also discussed here. Family Structure and Size: The most common concept of family is an establishment comprising of a father, a mother and children governed by cultural connotations and traditions. The Canadian family structure had seen a significant amount of changes over the time and in recent years (Ammerman, Roof, 2014). Alternative family structures have emerged in recent time almost replacing the traditional family structure that comprised of married couples living with children (Andersen et al., 2013). Traditionally grandparents used to be part of the family as well. Nowadays, emergence of nuclear family tends to exclude grandparents from the basic family structure and include them in extended family ("Canada First Nations Families", 2017). At present, a standard family consists of four members including parents and two children (Beaujot, Liu Ravanera, 2014). I am raised in a similarly structured family. I live with my father, my mother and my brother. Historically the patterns among Canadian families varied in a wide range. Before the arrival of Europeans, different societies and language groups had different customs in their family structure. In nomadic hunting tribes, men after marriage use to live with their wives family. Women took part in hunting and farming activities. On the other hand, in the fishing community women after marriage resided in the patrilocal residence, that is with their husbands family. Sometimes what we call as modern trends was seen in such communities. After the arrival of Europeans, the family structure and traditions among Canadian society changed considerably. The present notion of common law marriage was introduced with the arrival of Europeans as well. It led to the generation of modern nuclear family concept in the Canadian society ("Canada First Nations Families", 2017). As mentioned earlier I belong to a standard nuclear family. My grandparents from my fathers side followed the same pattern of family. My mothers family however followed the traditional notion of family where my maternal grandparents still stay with their son and his family. For generations my fathers side of the family followed the nuclear pattern. After getting a job children choose to live separately from their parents. The traditions are different in my mothers family. The reasons behind such changes are difficult to state but the probable cause is that the place of work tended to be different from their hometown. That encouraged children to live separately from their parents. Now such changes arise due to the limitation of job opportunities in the hometown. My maternal family always resided in the urban area hence no limitation of job opportunity was there. That may have played a key role in the fact that, children stayed with their parents and grandparents. Patterns of Marriage or Divorce: The Canadian society is dominated by the traditional Christian concept of marriage since the foundation of the country. The marriage patterns were influenced by western culture mostly. Historical data shows that prior to Second World War the average age of male for marriage varied from 25-29 during their first marriage where as for females the age varied between 20 and 25 (Eichler, 2017). A significant gap in age between bride and groom was present.A variety of factors may have influenced the changes in marriage patterns. These factors may be the indigenous customs of a particular social group or the religious influence (Adser Ferrer, 2014). In aboriginal communities, the women and men held similar status in a family. Women like men had free choice over whom to marry and when to end a marriage if required of chosen. After the invasions of Christian missionaries, these values changed. Men started holding higher positions and the society became patriarchal. The prospect of sexual intimacy before marriage was also looked down by Christian customs but not in Canadian aboriginal communities (Hou Myles, 2013). The choice of spouse in the aboriginal communities rested upon the bride and groom entirely. However, later family and community influence was seen in choice of spouses. Often traditionally life partners were chosen by family. Presently the customs see changes as the society changes with time. Nowadays the choice of spouse resides with the bride and groom again as seen previously with the aboriginal communities. The marriage rituals in the past were traditionally religious in Canada although in present times civil marri ages of court marriages are also common. Previously there had been a custom of paying Bride price in the aboriginal communities. However, in present times such practices are obsolete. Presently the Canadian society adopted western marriage practices however traditional rituals of indigenous communities are not obsolete yet. Divorce had not been a common concept in Canadian family and society until after the Second World War. Divorce in Canada was extremely limited until 1968 (Ward, 2017). Canada had the lowest divorce rate in the western world. The only reason for divorce until that time was adultery. Alternative unions became a practice in Canadian society in the 21st century. Same-sex marriages have been legalized in some provinces of Canada in 2003. Such changes in the marriage and divorce patterns have a significant effect on the basic family structure and values of Canadian community (Hiller Recoules, 2013). There has been no history of divorce in my family both from paternal side and maternal side. Although distantly related cousin of mine from my paternal side practice live in relationship, it was not the case in common. Such lack of divorce rate may be due to many reasons. Holding on to traditional values may be one of them or simply lack of adulterous relationships may be other. In any instance divorce is always a hard concept to fathom for children. Estranged relationship between parents tends to put unnecessary pressure onto a childs mind. Child Bearing Habits and Rituals: In Canada the traditions for child bearing for women was to conceive in early age. Women due to early marriages tend to conceive children in early age as well. Birthrates were high in Canadian society in aboriginal communities however in modern times a significant decline in birth rate had been observed. This may be due to the fact that there had been a significant rise in abortion rates for the past few decades (Margolis Wright, 2016). Access to contraception also plays a critical role in such decline. In aboriginal communities, the average child bearing age was in mid 20s (Metcalfe, Vekved Tough, 2014). The pattern change in the modern era slightly. However, a drastic change was observed after 2010 in Canadian childbearing patterns. The average age of women conceiving their first child changed to 30. Changes in number of children were also observed. Previously it was a norm of having more than two children in standard Canadian family. After Second World War, there had been a sign ificant rise in birth rate, which was named by the scholars as post war baby boom. Now the norm has become having two children. A single child family is also very common. These similar patterns were also present in my family from my maternal side (Metcalfe, Vekved Tough, 2014). My great grandparents from my mothers side had three boys and two girls. My grandparents had two boys and two girls. My mother grew up with many siblings. However such patterns are absent in my family from my fathers side. My father had been a single child. My grandfather had only one sister. Currently my family is a standard two children pattern. Such variations in the patterns may be due to multiple reasons. An influence of the trends of society may definitely be a significant factor. Lack of too many children in my paternal side of family may be because they tend to follow nuclear family pattern where bringing up many children could be troublesome. On the other hand, a lack of divorce patterns in both the side may be again due to the presence of children. Studies show that couples who have children are less likely to undergo separation than couples who have no child. Divorce has significant affect on a childs mind. Children have soft minds and are malleable in nature. The environm ents they grow up in always have an effect in their character. A child living in a home full of conflicts tends to have a conflicted mind as well. These scenarios may have governed majority of the Canadian families to stay together and have multiple children. Gender Roles with in the Family: The history of Canadian society reflects upon a patriarchal society however, in aboriginal communities it was not the case (Connell, 2014). As discussed earlier, men in the nomadic hunting bands use to live with their wives in her family home. Women in many cases held a higher position in society and household than men. In aboriginal communities both men and women use to work and care for their family in an equal manner. After the advent of Europeans and Christian community in Canada, the norms changed drastically (Eagly, 2013). The Canadian society after being influenced by the Christian missionaries became a patriarchal society in major part. Women started playing a more conventional role in the family (Denis, 2013). Women were entitled with the responsibility of managing home and children where as men used to work outside home. Later however the norms again changed when men and women started working outside the home together or separately however women were still responsible for m anaging homes and children on the major part together with outside work (Mandell Johnson, 2016). Even in modern times, we see such customs. Until my grandfathers generation, this had been the norm in my family although from may parents generation the norm became that both men and women share equal responsibility for managing home and work. Such changes follow patterns of the society. Conclusion: Family culture patterns customs change with changing times as change is an inevitable thing. We have seen how the norms of society changed with time and the effect that had on Canadian families. My family had not been an exception of the general rule. It followed the trend s of time in family structure, childbearing patterns, and gender roles. Such changes influence each individual and their characters. The difference in patterns and culture is normally called generation gap and that is prominent in majority of the families in the modern society. The changes that are observed in my family are governed by multiple factors but the common influence is the society and the trends the society follow in a particular era. In conclusion, it can be said that the social norms and people ling in the society always and in majority influence the changes that we observe in families over time. References: Adser, A., Ferrer, A. (2014). Immigrants and demography: Marriage, divorce, and fertility.Handbook of the economics of international migration A,1, 315-358. Ammerman, N. T., Roof, W. C. (2014).Work, Family and Religion in Contemporary Society: Remaking Our Lives. Routledge. Andersen, S., Ertac, S., Gneezy, U., List, J. A., Maximiano, S. (2013). Gender, competitiveness, and socialization at a young age: Evidence from a matrilineal and a patriarchal society.Review of Economics and Statistics,95(4), 1438-1443. Beaujot, R., Liu, J., Ravanera, Z. (2014). Family diversity and inequality: The Canadian case.Population Change and Life-course Cluster Discussion Paper,1(1). Canada First Nations Families. (2017). Family.jrank.org. Retrieved 31 January 2017, from https://family.jrank.org/pages/199/Canada-First-Nations-Families.html Connell, R. W. (2014).Gender and power: Society, the person and sexual politics. John Wiley Sons. Denis, V. S. (2013). Feminism is for everybody: Aboriginal women, feminism, and diversity.Gender and Women's Studies in Canada: Critical Terrain, 16. Eagly, A. H. (2013).Sex differences in social behavior: A social-role interpretation. Psychology Press. Eichler, M. (2017). Marriage in Canada. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 31 January 2017, from https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/marriage-and-divorce/ Findlay, L., Tam, B., Kohen, D. (2017). Conceptualization of family: complexities of defining an Indigenous family.Indigenous Policy Journal,27(3). Hampden-Thompson, G. (2013). Family policy, family structure, and childrens educational achievement.Social Science Research,42(3), 804-817. Hiller, V., Recoules, M. (2013). Changes in divorce patterns: Culture and the law.International Review of Law and Economics,34, 77-87. Hou, F., Myles, J. (2013). Interracial marriage and status-caste exchange in Canada and the United States.Ethnic and racial studies,36(1), 75-96. Mandell, N., Johnson, J. L. (2016). RACE, CLASS, AND SExUALITY. Margolis, R., Wright, L. (2016). Older Adults With Three Generations of Kin: Prevalence, Correlates, and Transfers.The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, gbv158. Metcalfe, A., Vekved, M., Tough, S. C. (2014). Educational Attainment, Perception of Workplace Support and Its Influence on Timing of Childbearing for Canadian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.Maternal and child health journal,18(7), 1675-1682. Smith, C. A. (Ed.). (2014).Regional analysis: Economic systems(Vol. 1). Academic Press. Ward, P. (2017). History of Marriage and Divorce. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 31 January 2017, from https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/history-of-marriage-and-divorce/

Economic Development free essay sample

Nigeria as a developing economy cannot achieve full development without the contribution of the small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs). In most developed economies, the main stay of their economy has been attributed to the effectiveness of the small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs). Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) is accepted globally as a tool for empowering the citizenry and economic growth. It has been associated with the rapid economic growth of countries in Asia and North America. In Nigeria efforts have been made by successive governments to reduce poverty and accelerate economic growth by increasing foreign direct investment, diversifying the economy, enacting policy frameworks which favor small business ownership and sometimes initiating employment and entrepreneurship programs. Nigeria as a developing economy needs the contribution of the small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) to be able to become one of the twenty most industrialized economies by the year 2020. Therefore, the problem is to critically examine the role of the small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in the growth nd development of the Nigerian economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The role of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in facilitating the economic development of any country cannot be underestimated. In Nigeria, for example, SMEs provide an average of 50 per cent of Jobs and same proportion of industrial output. Experts say that the SME sector, can thrive in Nigeria, if the government can address the challenges of poor infrastructure, lack of financing, multiple taxation and inconsistent government policy. The Africa Economic Analysis reported that, The proportion of Nigerian SMEs and heir impact on the economy is pretty much, similar to those in other countries of the world, especially in the advanced economies. There are approximately 23 million small businesses in the United States. These altogether employ more than 50 per cent of the private workforce, and generate more than half of the nations Gross Domestic Product. In the European Union, SMEs are seen as largely essential for European employment. Each year, one million new SMEs are set up in the European Union. SMEs account for 99. 8 per cent of all companies and 65 per cent of business turnover in the European Union. The Director-General of the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria, Alhaji Muhammad Umar, at a recent forum in Abuja said that the agency targets to develop a minimum of 10,000 small businesses which will in turn generate about one million Jobs annually. This study will attempt to denne what constitute small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) from different authors, the challenges being faced by SMEs in Nigeria, the role of government in promoting the development and growth of SMEs, the role of financial institutions, and to also look at the role of the small and medium scale nterprises (SMEs) in the growth and development of the Nigerian economy. REFERENCES Central bank of Nigeria 2003, Seminar on small and medium industries equity investments scheme (smieis) publication of CBN Training Centre, Lagos. Edit Iukacs, 2003, The economic role of SMEs in world economy, especially in Europe, institute of business sciences, university of miskolic, Hungary. Normah M. A. 2005, SMEs: Building block for economic growth, Kuala Lumpur. Rotimi 0. , 2006, 6th African venture capital association conference, Dakar, Senegal.